Distributed interleaving of paralleled power converters david j. Ieee apec, techniques and mixedsignal integratedcircuit design for power electronics. Among a large number of power converters, interleaved dcdc. Softswitching, interleaved inverter for high density. The phase shift between switch closing is 360n, where n is the number of converters in the parallel configuration. Interleaving data, the interspersing of fields or channels of different meaning sequentially interleaving disk storage, a technique for improving the speed of access to blocks on disk storage interleaved posting, an email posting style. What is the meaning of the term interleaved, used in.
Round wire does not pack perfectly, which reduces ku by a factor of 0. Laminate interleaved 1x1 means use one set of ei and then the next set ie, and then repeat. Thats where the primary and secondary are wound at the same time. Control concept for parallel interleaved threephase converters with decoupled balancing control burkard johannes epe18 ecce europe isbn.
A new interleaved doubleinput threelevel boost converter. Aalborg universitet two phase interleaved buck converter for. The paper focuses on a new driving strategy for improving the efficiency of power converters even if they are not used at there nominal power. Schlecht, high efficiency power factor correction using interleaving techniques. Furthermore, the sic interleaved bidirectional converter ibc prototype achieves a high efficiency of. He, interleaved threelevel boost power electronics center. Pdf threephase interleaved llc asymmetric resonant. Design and simulation analysis of interleaved buck. Analysis, design, modeling, and control of an interleavedboost full. The output voltage of the dcdc converter is given to the filter circuit for. The controller is used for generating the control signals to turn onoff of the power switches present in the converter circuit to get the desired output voltage.
The meaning of term interleaved used in power electronics. Main power source ref signal circuit power electronics based on the switching of power semiconductor devices. Based on a formal definition of pwm converters, the study of the general. These filtering structures are usually employed to minimize in a significant way the mass of the converters.
This thesis proposes a continuous input current multiphase interleaved buck topology to solve the. To speed up the power electronics components simulation. It is used to increase the rating of the converter, as ip current gets divided in two paths, current stress on switches gets reduced, better efficiency, and ripple in inductor current is also reduced 2. Figure 21 shows the implementation of the bidirectional ttpl bridgeless pfc as it is on the tidm02008 board. Pdf shunt activepowerfilter topology based on parallel. Apr 04, 2016 interleaved pfc solutions based on mcus or specialized ics integrate these control mechanisms, providing designers with a simplified approach for implementing efficient pfc capabilities in end products. Design and simulation analysis of interleaved buck converter. Sun, reducedorder averaged modeling of activeclam coonverters. The real power represents the net transferred energy. Interleaving is a process or methodology to make a system more efficient, fast and reliable by arranging data in a noncontiguous manner. Ultraflat interleaved triangular current mode tcm single. Aalborg universitet optimal interleaving angle determination in multi. It is recommended that the principle of interleaving be carried to the electrical vault and beyond.
The resultant model reveals interaction effects and instability phenomena that are not predicted by a simple non interleaved. Stevalipfc01v1 3 kw three channel interleaved pfc with. These filters are normally sized to work with a fixed number of. Pdf interleaved switching of dcdc converters researchgate. Power over ethernet or poe is a standard system which pass electric power along with data on twisted pair ethernet cabling. This prototype illustrates that the many benefits of interleaving, which are routinely used in buck regulators, apply equally well to an interleaved boost design. Soft switching highvoltage gain dcdc interleaved boost. L2i max 2 b max 2 rk u kg is a figureofmerit that describes the effective electrical size of magnetic cores, in applications where the following quantities are specified. It has a input 5v efficiently which extends prolonged battery life, reduces heat dissipation.
Interleaving will reduce magnetic volume and has the added benefit of reducing rms current in the boost capacitor. Interleaved converters are a typical solution to enhance a current capacity and to reduce current ripples of an input or output port. Inductor design7 the window utilization factor ku also called the fill factor ku is the fraction of the core window area that is filled by copper mechanisms that cause ku to be less than 1. Pdf capacitor ripple current in an interleaved pfc converter. Research on parallel interleaved inverters with discontinuous. In distributed power supply systems, the parallelism of dcdc converters is a basic architecture. In this proposed paper the hardware architecture of the femto cells along with the design and analysis of the closed loop interleaved. Institute of control and industrial electronics, warsaw university of technology. Interfacing advanced power electronics system for electric.
However, current sharing among the parallel cells in continuous inductor current mode and at average current control is a major design problem because of mismatching in duty cycles 8. Threephase interleaved llc asymmetric resonant converter with capacitive current balancing and reduced switch voltage stress. The flyback converter is a buckboost converter with the inductor split to form a transformer, so that the voltage ratios are multiplied with an additional advantage of isolation. Copper loss maximum flux density how specifications affect the. Ieee applied power electronics conference and exposition, page. Power electronics have eased the concept of power control. Power density roadmap red brick walls in power electronics consideration of basic requires separate converter types acdc dcdc dcac acac requires definition of cooling concept natural convection forced air cooling water cooling consider systems not modules.
This power topology is capable of bidirectional power flow pfc and gridtied inverter and it uses gallium nitride gan devices, which enables higher efficiency. Interleaved power factor correction slide 5 introduction to pfc cos. For a defined output ripple frequency, the interleaved structure needs a smaller switching frequency than traditional power converters. The converters are using an output filtering structure with magnetical coupling. This paper investigates the operation of multileg interleaved dcdc buck converters. Scalable modeling approach and robust hardwareintheloop. Figure 2 shows the inductor current waveforms for both modes of operation. A continuing objective in the field of power electronics is to generate new and. When driving for example a plasma lamp or a voltage multiplier the rectifying diode of the. Bidirectional interleaved ccm totem pole bridgeless pfc. An1820 lm5032 interleaved boost converter texas instruments. Thus, a detailed analysis of the interleaving of three cells cf.
Enhanced averagevalue modelling of interleaved dcdc. Designing interleaved power factor correction digikey. The following figure shows an interleaved boost converter. Resulting current the power factor is defined as the ratio between the real power and the apparent power in an ac circuit. Power electronics converter plays a very important role in electric vehicles application. An interleaved dualbattery power supply for batteryoperated. Topic 5 an interleaved pfc preregulator for highpower.
In the design presented here, the impressive power conversion efficiency results in a 192w, allsurfacemount design that will operate without airflow at room ambient. In this paper, we use the time domain method to show that the amplitude of the inputoutput current ripple of nspl ges1 parallelly interleaved modules is always less than or equal to that of the individual modules for buck, boost, flyback, cuk, and sepic converters if the phase shift among the. Index termsbifurcation control, interleaved boost converter, monodromy matrix. The key idea is to integrate two battery types with different energy capacity and current rate curves into the power supply system, and then use them in an interleaved manner in. Topology of a input pfc converter with n interleaved boost cells and an output. Unlike conventional methods, the distributed approach requires no centralized. Nonlinear analysis and control of interleaved boost. Furthermore, the pulses are shown to interleave, meaning pulses in.
In reliability analysis, mttf mean time to failure is the average time that a. Two phase interleaved buck converter for driving high power leds beczkowski, szymon. Jun 05, 2018 more than two converters can be interleaved. State 1 increased inductor current in the buck transform. Design and analysis of a novel zerovoltagetransition interleaved.
Distributed interleaving of par alleled pow er conv er ters. The meaning of term interleaved used in power electronics like pcepcpccinterleaved buck cstates there are two states for a buck co. Advantages of interleaving converters power electronics. Conventional interleaved llc resonant converters need additional switches and passive components with a feedback control loop for active current balancing, increasing the circuit complexity and cost. According to the definition of a mic, the proposed c. Pdf interleaved zerocurrenttransition buck converter. Pdf high efficiency interleaved power electronics converter. Conventional interleaved llc resonant converters need additional switches and passive components with a feedback control loop for active. High efficiency interleaved power electronics converter for wide. Interleaving pfc preregulators is the next step in increasing pfc preregulator power densities, reducing the overall volume of the design. This topic will evaluate the benefits of interleaving. How to reduce filter components size in dc dc converters. Design and implementation of interleaved boost converter. Enjeti, fellow, ieee, and frede blaabjerg, fellow, ieee abstractin this paper, an interleaved active power filter con cept with reduced size of passive.
The twophase interleaved parallel synchronous rectification buck converter is. Two phase interleaved dcdc boost converters are used for the application requiring demands such as low current ripple, high efficiency, faster dynamics, and. In this paper, we present an original control strategy to ensure a high efficiency, independently of the output power. An excellent book by severns and bloom presents a convincing case. Ilic is with advanced energy industries, fort collins, co 80525 usa current ripple, improve power scaling, and reduce switching email. Proceedings of the 2015 9th international conference on power electronics and ecce asia icpeecce asia. Power supply designers should be aware that all switchmode supplies are made up of buck or boost regulators with or without dc transformers. The key idea is to integrate two battery types with different energy capacity and current rate curves into the power supply system, and then use them in an interleaved manner in response to varying current requirement of. A comparison is made between a single leg, a two leg and a three leg converter in terms of their efficiency. The major concern is the size, cost, and weight of such a high power inductor that is perhaps the single heaviest component in the entire dcdc converter.
What does interleaved mean when talking about smps. Interleaving means paralleling, wherein two converters are actually made to work in parallel. It was stated that interleaving of the turns of a double section coil 5 feet in diameter containing 24 turns increased the series capacitance about 30 times. This topic will evaluate the benefits of interleaving pfc preregulators. Born abstract power density has become increasingly important for applications where weight and space are limited. Kassakian, fellow, ieee abstract this paper introduces a distributed approach to interleaving paralleled power converter cells. Topic 5 an interleaved pfc preregulator for highpower converters. The mode of operation is a fundamental factor in determining the electrical. Sampler decomposition techniques are used to represent the interleaved operation of the individual control loops within the converter. Defined as the ratio of the real power to apparent power, power factor represents the relative power available to run equipment. Design and analysis of a novel zerovoltagetransition interleaved boost converter for renewable power applications. Interleaving technique can be done for all other typologies too. Abstractto provide a basis for controller design in interleaved dcdc converters, an improved smallsignal averaged model is presented.
Highlyefficient and compact 6 kw4 125 khz interleaved dc. Power converters based on the interleaved structure. Design and implementation of interleaved vienna rectifier. Power density is a unique challenge requiring the latest transistor technology to push switching frequency to shrink passive filter size. An interleaved dualbattery power supply for battery. It is based on an interleaved power electronics structure. Should the supply to the leadon lights be other than a dedicated circuit, it is necessary to ensure that the circuits to which these lights are connected will be active when the leadon lighting is required. The flyback converter is used in both acdc and dcdc conversion with galvanic isolation between the input and any outputs. Laminate interleaved 3x3 means use three sets of ei and then three sets of ie on top of that, then repeat.
Sic semiconductors with eis functionality for fuel cell electric vehicle. Interleaving is well known as an effective method to reduce the capacitor ripple current and in cases where ripple current considerations dominate, it could reduce capacitor size. Aalborg universitet two phase interleaved buck converter. On the response of interleaved transformer windings to surge. The theory of filippov provides a generalized definition of system solutions. His current research interests include digital control converter with zero diode reverserecovery loss, in proc. Part ii presents the power electronics structures and the control strategy. Interleaving technique in distributed power conversion. What is the meaning of the term interleaved, used in power electronics, like interleaved buck converter, and what are its advantages.
Dc power converter which steps down voltage from its input supply to its output load. To keep the leakage inductance down the best bet is to use bifilar windings. There are many uses for interleaving at the system level, including. Pdf this paper investigates the operation of multileg interleaved dcdc buck converters. Softswitching, interleaved inverter for high density applications rachael g. Power electronics signifies the word power electronics and control or we can say the electronic that deal with power equipment for power control. On the response of interleaved transformer windings to. Both the inductors and diodes should be identical in all the channels of an interleaved design. Bidirectional interleaved ttplpfc is an attractive topology for ev chargers, industrial applications and gridtied energy storage systems with the trend for higher power, higher efficiency, and higher power density. The authors are with the department of electrical engineering, technical. What is the meaning of the term interleaved, used in power. Analysis and design of multiphase multiinterleave dcdc. Control concept for parallel interleaved threephase.
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